This report covers parliamentary questions submitted in the week of Monday, 24 November 2025 to Sunday, 30 November 2025, focusing on key energy and climate policy files. The inquiries touch upon a wide range of themes including the implementation and governance of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), the role of nuclear power in the energy transition, state aid rules for industry, the decarbonisation of the transport sector, and international climate diplomacy. Of the 16 questions covered in this report, 7 have received a response from the European Commission, while 12 are still awaiting a reply.
Nuclear Energy
❓ Incentives and Technology Neutrality for Nuclear Energy
A large cross-party group of MEPs, led by András Gyürk (PfE), submitted E-004561/2025 on 14 November 2025, criticising the Commission’s draft nuclear illustrative programme (PINC) for lacking concrete policy measures, failing to put nuclear on an equal footing with other clean technologies, and not addressing access to finance. The MEPs ask if the Commission will complement the PINC with a strategic action plan, ensure technology neutrality in upcoming legislation, and engage in dialogue with the EU nuclear alliance. A response from the Commission is pending.
❗ State Aid Investigation for Polish Nuclear Plant
In response to a question regarding the state aid investigation into a planned Polish nuclear power plant project, Executive Vice-President Ribera stated on 27 November 2025 that the formal investigation is ongoing. The Commission’s response to E-004231/25 confirms that it cannot prejudge the outcome but will conduct a thorough and timely analysis based on the applicable legal framework and jurisprudence to ensure a legally sound decision.
❓ Recognition of Nuclear for Sustainable Aviation Fuels (e-SAF)
Barbara Bonte (PfE) asked in E-004638/2025 on 20 November 2025 why nuclear energy is not recognised as a renewable source for producing e-fuels under the ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation, thereby hindering investment. The question presses the Commission on whether it considers nuclear a clean energy source for e-fuel production, when it will broaden the definition of ‘sustainable’ e-fuels to include those generated from nuclear, and if it will develop a technology-neutral framework for e-SAF production. A response from the Commission is pending.
❓ Questioning NZIA’s CO2 Storage Requirements
In P-004123/2025, submitted on 20 October 2025, Adrian-George Axinia and Georgiana Teodorescu (ECR) challenge the Net-Zero Industry Act’s (NZIA) CO2 storage obligations as disproportionate and anti-competitive. They question the methodology that allocated Romania over 20% of the EU’s total storage requirement despite its relatively low emissions, and ask how the Commission justifies imposing requirements on companies in the absence of viable CO2 storage technology. A response from the Commission is pending.
❗ State Aid for Steel Sector Amidst Green Transition Costs
Piotr Müller (ECR) asked in E-003328/25 on 28 August 2025 how the Commission justifies authorising state aid for the steel sector when EU climate policies like the ETS are a key source of its competitiveness problems. In a response on 26 November 2025, Executive Vice-President Ribera explained that the Commission’s European Steel and Metals Action Plan addresses challenges like high energy costs and decarbonisation needs. She noted that aid for decarbonisation and temporary price relief is possible, and that a public consultation is underway to potentially include the steel sector in the scope of the Rescue and Restructuring Guidelines, citing the need to address potential unequal treatment with similar sectors.
❗ Monitoring Maritime ETS Implementation and Revenues
In response to a question concerning the implementation of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) for maritime transport, Commissioner Hoekstra replied on 28 November 2025. The answer to E-004174/25 states that an initial Commission report finds no evidence of major market changes directly attributable to the new rules. The Commission will continue to monitor for evasive behaviours and confirmed that Member States are required to use ETS revenues for climate action, with an additional €20 million in allowances to be deployed via the Innovation Fund to support the sector’s decarbonisation.
❓ German Industrial Electricity Pricing and State Aid Rules
Jordan Bardella (PfE) submitted E-004580/2025 on 17 November 2025, questioning Germany’s plan to introduce a reduced electricity tariff for its industry from 2026, financed by its federal budget. The MEP asks for the Commission’s view on this initiative in relation to EU state aid rules, its compatibility with climate objectives, and whether, if approved, France could introduce a similar national tariff based on its actual production costs without it being considered state aid. A response from the Commission is pending.
❓ Future of the Just Transition Fund
Giuseppe Antoci (The Left) asked in E-004570/2025 on 17 November 2025 about the future of the Just Transition Fund (JTF) within the 2028-2034 multiannual financial framework. Citing the case of the Syracuse petrochemical complex, which is not currently covered, the MEP questions how the Commission will ensure the future single cohesion fund includes a dedicated pillar for just transition and how future allocation criteria will support carbon-intensive industrial centres currently excluded from the JTF. A response from the Commission is pending.
Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) Implementation
❗ Commission Addresses Delays in Greek RRF Projects
Sakis Arnaoutoglou (S&D) raised concerns on 15 October 2025 in E-004045/25 about delays in major Greek projects under the Recovery and Resilience Fund (RRF), risking the loss of funding. In a reply on 25 November 2025, Commissioner Dombrovskis confirmed that Greece had received over 50% of its RRF allocation, above the EU average. He acknowledged that delays, often due to inflation, supply disruptions, and public procurement issues, are a common challenge across Member States and stated the Commission is working closely with Greek authorities to facilitate absorption and has urged all Member States to streamline their plans to meet the 2026 deadline.
❗ Commission to Assess Italian RRF Audit Reform
In E-003569/25, submitted on 16 September 2025, Benedetta Scuderi (Verts/ALE) questioned if a legislative reform in Italy limiting the audit powers of the Court of Auditors over National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) funds is compatible with EU rules. Commissioner Dombrovskis responded on 25 November 2025, clarifying that the designated audit body for RRF funds in Italy is separate from the Court of Auditors. He stated the Commission will assess the compatibility of the reform with RRF regulations once the bill is adopted and noted that if a Member State’s audit arrangements are found inadequate, payments can be suspended.
❗ Spain Urged to Accelerate RRF Implementation
In response to a question about the implementation pace of Spain’s Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP), Commissioner Fitto replied on 28 November 2025. The answer to E-003779/25 notes that a Commission report recommended Spain increase its implementation pace, as between 50% and 85% of its milestones and targets were fulfilled. The Commission recalled the 31 August 2026 deadline and confirmed it is in constant contact with Spanish authorities to accelerate the rhythm of implementation.
Legislative Scrutiny & Simplification
❓ Simplification Plans for Energy and Tax Legislation
Lídia Pereira and Sebastião Bugalho (PPE) submitted E-004560/2025 on 14 November 2025, asking for details on the Commission’s planned ‘omnibus’ simplification packages for energy and tax legislation announced for 2026. They inquire which legislative initiatives on taxation the Commission intends to withdraw or amend, what aspects of tax policy will be included while respecting national sovereignty, and what specific EU energy legislation will be part of the energy omnibus. A response from the Commission is pending.
❓ Viability of Electrification Targets for Light Commercial Vehicles
Jordan Bardella (PfE) questioned the EU’s electrification targets for the light commercial vehicle (LCV) sector in E-004581/2025 on 17 November 2025. Arguing that demand remains marginal despite industry investment, he points to high purchase costs and insufficient charging infrastructure as major barriers. The MEP asks if the Commission intends to review the 2030 and 2035 targets for LCVs and adjust the timeline and support measures to avoid undermining the European LCV industry. A response from the Commission is pending.
International Maritime Organization (IMO) & Shipping
❓ EU Strategy to Advance IMO Net-Zero Framework
Following the postponement of the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) Net-Zero Framework, a group of MEPs from the Verts/ALE group asked in E-004614/2025 on 19 November 2025 what steps the Commission will take to build support for its adoption in 2026. They also ask if the Commission will work to build a ‘coalition of the willing’ at a regional or national level outside the EU to align with the FuelEU Maritime and ETS Maritime frameworks. A response from the Commission is pending.
❓ Alleged US ‘Bully’ Tactics at IMO Meeting
Nacho Sánchez Amor (S&D) submitted E-004590/2025 on 18 November 2025 regarding reports of US ‘bully’ tactics, including threats against delegates, to postpone a vote on the IMO’s Net-Zero Framework. The MEP asks the Commission to confirm it has not been subjected to similar tactics during EU-US trade negotiations, whether it was aware of pressure against EU military staff delegates at the IMO, and how it plans to counter similar situations in future negotiations with the United States. A response from the Commission is pending.
International Climate Finance
❓ Details Sought on EU Climate Aid to Non-EU Countries
In E-004534/2025, submitted on 13 November 2025, Moritz Körner (Renew) asks the Commission if it provides climate aid or finance to non-EU countries. The question requests a detailed breakdown of which countries have received such funding since 2019, the amounts they received, and a comprehensive list of the specific projects or programmes the funding was used for, including their objectives. A response from the Commission is pending.
