Overview
For the publication window running from 24.05.2026 till 31.05.2026, this report details recent parliamentary scrutiny concerning the European Union’s energy transition, industrial strategy, and supply chain resilience. The core themes addressed over this period include the decarbonisation of aviation and road transport through alternative fuels, the urgent need to unlock investments in Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) infrastructure, and the broader socio-economic impacts of high energy costs on vulnerable households and the agricultural sector. Additional inquiries focus on the integrity of the wholesale energy market, the strategic sourcing of critical raw materials, and the intersection of geopolitical tensions with maritime energy security. In total, this briefing covers 15 Parliamentary Questions, comprising 6 that have been answered by the Commission and 9 that currently remain pending.
Aviation & Maritime Sectors
❓ Inclusion of the alcohol-to-jet sector in the ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation
Submitted on 20 May 2026 by Valérie Devaux (Renew), E-002078/2026 asks whether the Commission intends to propose a specific sub-target for alcohol-to-jet (AtJ) technology during the upcoming revision of the ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation to help meet sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) targets and bolster European energy sovereignty. The MEP also questions if the list of raw materials eligible for SAF production will be expanded. A response from the Commission is pending.
❓ SAF, energy security, and stalled investments under the ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation
Submitted on 20 May 2026 by Jeannette Baljeu (Renew), P-002091/2026 highlights the vulnerability of EU jet fuel imports and warns that regulatory uncertainty is stalling final investment decisions (FIDs) for domestic sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production. The priority question asks how the Commission will ensure consistent enforcement of Article 12 penalties, support eSAF projects awaiting FID ahead of the Transport Council, and protect the global level playing field for EU carriers. A response from the Commission is pending.
❗ EU Ports Strategy and the Competitiveness of Northern Germany’s Ports
In E-000595/2026, the Commission was asked about support for Northern Germany’s sea and inland ports. In a response on 26 May 2026, Commissioner Tzitzikostas stated that the EU Ports Strategy aims to boost competitiveness, resilience, and sustainability by increasing port electrification and clean fuel use while simplifying environmental permitting. He highlighted that Member States can leverage instruments such as the Connecting Europe Facility, the European Investment Bank, and Emission Trading System revenues to support maritime decarbonisation.
Road Transport
❓ Biofuels and e-fuels in road transport
Submitted on 20 May 2026 by Annalisa Corrado (S&D) alongside five other S&D MEPs, E-002077/2026 scrutinises the climate integrity, cost-competitiveness, and resource efficiency of using biofuels and e-fuels for road transport compared to direct electrification. Highlighting the inefficiency of land use for biofuels and the health impacts of combustion engine emissions, the MEPs ask how the Commission assesses the climate, social, and industrial risks of slowing direct electrification to accommodate these alternatives. A response from the Commission is pending.
❓ Unlocking final investment decisions along the carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) value chain
Submitted on 20 May 2026 by Jeannette Baljeu (Renew), E-002090/2026 points to the risk of missing the Net-Zero Industry Act’s 2030 target of 50 Mt CO2 injection capacity due to stalled final investment decisions (FIDs) across the CCUS value chain. The MEP asks what regulatory measures will be proposed in the upcoming CO2 Markets and Infrastructure proposal, how the Commission will protect emitters facing value chain disruptions, and how the planned Industrial Decarbonisation Bank will be utilised to accelerate early FIDs. A response from the Commission is pending.
❓ Strategic coherence and urgent need for high-level political dialogue on the CCUS value chain for Europe’s industrial revival
Submitted on 15 May 2026 by Nicola Procaccini (ECR) and eight other ECR MEPs, E-002025/2026 criticises the exclusion of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects from a recent EUR 650 million€650MCited figure Connecting Europe Facility (CEF Energy) call for proposals, warning that this undermines the Net-Zero Industry Act. The MEPs ask how the Commission will remedy this financing gap for transport and storage infrastructure and whether CCS will be prioritised in high-level political dialogues. A response from the Commission is pending.
❓ Review of EU ETS benchmarks and support for a tailored methodology for the European ceramics industry
Submitted on 20 May 2026 by Sandra Gómez López (S&D) and Leire Pajín (S&D), E-002095/2026 raises concerns about the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) on the European ceramics industry, a sector with limited decarbonisation alternatives. The MEPs ask how the Commission will incorporate Member State input to create more realistic benchmarks, whether a specific benchmark for ceramic tiles will be established, and what measures will be taken to prevent carbon leakage. A response from the Commission is pending.
❗ Critical Raw Materials Act and EU Supply Chain Resilience
In E-001201/2026, questions were raised regarding the EU’s strategy for securing essential raw materials. In a response on 22 May 2026, Executive Vice-President Séjourné explained that the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) establishes 2030 benchmarks and fast-tracked permitting to reduce excessive dependencies. He noted that the REsourceEU Action Plan mobilises EUR 3 billion€3BCited figure of EU funds within 12 months, including EUR 300 million for a Battery Booster, clarifying that funding instruments are designed to develop new technologies and support decarbonisation rather than explicitly secure raw material volumes.
❓ Signs of distortion and concentration in the Greek energy market and the need to verify whether practices are at odds with EU law
Submitted on 14 May 2026 by Maria Zacharia (NI), E-002023/2026 alleges severe market concentration, excessive profits, and potential price distortion in the Greek wholesale electricity market. The MEP asks if the Commission intends to request comprehensive data from Greek authorities and ACER on pricing and production cuts, and whether it will initiate audit or investigative procedures under REMIT and EU competition rules to address potential market manipulation. A response from the Commission is pending.
❗ EU-US strategic partnership and energy resilience under AccelerateEU
Addressing geopolitical alignments and energy strategy in E-001271/2026, High Representative/Vice-President Kallas provided a response on 26 May 2026 affirming the EU’s commitment to its strategic partnership with the US while defending international law. Transitioning to energy security, Kallas outlined the AccelerateEU Communication’s approach to ending reliance on imported fossil fuels through homegrown clean energy, grid resilience, and targeted temporary measures like price interventions and tax incentives to protect consumers from price shocks.
❗ Freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz and mitigating global energy price shocks
In E-001338/2026, concerns were raised regarding maritime security and economic stability. In a response on 22 May 2026, High Representative/Vice-President Kallas underscored the EU’s commitment to freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, noting that the EUNAVFOR Aspides operation mandate has been extended to February 2027. Kallas highlighted that the AccelerateEU framework empowers Member States to implement targeted solutions to shield vulnerable consumers from price shocks, while clarifying that conditions for activating the Stability and Growth Pact’s general escape clause have not yet been met.
❗ Support for the decarbonisation of affordable and social housing
In E-000707/2026, the Commission was asked about efforts to finance the green transition in the housing sector. In a response on 26 May 2026, Commissioner Jørgensen affirmed the Commission’s commitment to decarbonising social housing through the Energy Efficiency and Energy Performance of Buildings Directives. He highlighted that the European Affordable Housing Plan proposes a simplification package for 2027, including flexible State Aid Rules and the mobilisation of at least EUR 86.7 billion via the Social Climate Fund.
❗ Utilising EU cohesion funds to alleviate high energy costs
Responding to E-001443/2026 on 22 May 2026, Executive Vice-President Fitto detailed the Commission’s strategy to address volatile fossil fuel markets and rising energy costs. He explained that under the mid-term review of cohesion policy funds and the AccelerateEU communication, the Commission is incentivising Member States to invest in competitiveness and affordable housing. Fitto emphasised that immediate financial support for vulnerable consumers remains the primary responsibility of Member States, though a forthcoming dedicated investment chapter will further enable the reallocation of EU funds towards energy-related investments.
❓ Impact of EU climate policy on the competitiveness of agriculture and the fertiliser sector
Submitted on 19 May 2026 by Piotr Müller (ECR), E-002064/2026 addresses the mounting production costs for European farmers driven by energy prices, fertiliser costs, and EU climate regulations. Highlighting the Commission’s push to reduce mineral fertilisers and promote biogas, the MEP asks what impact assessments have been conducted regarding the European fertiliser sector’s competitiveness and what specific financial instruments will support biogas plant construction. A response from the Commission is pending.
❓ Concern about a new project threatening water, air, health and nature quality in A Laracha (A Coruña)
Submitted on 19 May 2026 by Ana Miranda Paz (Verts/ALE), E-002051/2026 raises environmental and health concerns regarding a planned large-scale biogas plant in A Laracha, Galicia, which aims to process 63,500 tonnes of waste to generate biomethane. Citing proximity to population centres and protected Natura 2000 areas, the MEP asks if the Commission is aware of the project’s potential impacts and whether it has information on specific measures taken by authorities to comply with conservation requirements. A response from the Commission is pending.
